一、概念介紹
Thread 是threading模塊中最重要的類之一,可以使用它來(lái)創(chuàng)建線程。有兩種方式來(lái)創(chuàng)建線程:一種是通過(guò)繼承Thread類,重寫(xiě)它的run方法;另一種是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)threading.Thread對(duì)象,在它的初始化函數(shù)(__init__)中將可調(diào)用對(duì)象作為參數(shù)傳入.
Thread模塊是比較底層的模塊,Threading模塊是對(duì)Thread做了一些包裝的,可以更加方便的被使用。
另外在工作時(shí),有時(shí)需要讓多條命令并發(fā)的執(zhí)行, 而不是順序執(zhí)行。
二、代碼樣例
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#!/usr/bin/python # encoding=utf-8 # Filename: thread-extends-class.py # 直接從Thread繼承,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的class,把線程執(zhí)行的代碼放到這個(gè)新的 class里 import threading import time class ThreadImpl(threading.Thread): def __init__( self , num): threading.Thread.__init__( self ) self ._num = num def run( self ): global total, mutex # 打印線程名 print threading.currentThread().getName() for x in xrange ( 0 , int ( self ._num)): # 取得鎖 mutex.acquire() total = total + 1 # 釋放鎖 mutex.release() if __name__ = = '__main__' : #定義全局變量 global total, mutex total = 0 # 創(chuàng)建鎖 mutex = threading.Lock() #定義線程池 threads = [] # 創(chuàng)建線程對(duì)象 for x in xrange ( 0 , 40 ): threads.append(ThreadImpl( 100 )) # 啟動(dòng)線程 for t in threads: t.start() # 等待子線程結(jié)束 for t in threads: t.join() # 打印執(zhí)行結(jié)果 print total |
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#!/usr/bin/python # encoding=utf-8 # Filename: thread-function.py # 創(chuàng)建線程要執(zhí)行的函數(shù),把這個(gè)函數(shù)傳遞進(jìn)Thread對(duì)象里,讓它來(lái)執(zhí)行 import threading import time def threadFunc(num): global total, mutex # 打印線程名 print threading.currentThread().getName() for x in xrange ( 0 , int (num)): # 取得鎖 mutex.acquire() total = total + 1 # 釋放鎖 mutex.release() def main(num): #定義全局變量 global total, mutex total = 0 # 創(chuàng)建鎖 mutex = threading.Lock() #定義線程池 threads = [] # 先創(chuàng)建線程對(duì)象 for x in xrange ( 0 , num): threads.append(threading.Thread(target = threadFunc, args = ( 100 ,))) # 啟動(dòng)所有線程 for t in threads: t.start() # 主線程中等待所有子線程退出 for t in threads: t.join() # 打印執(zhí)行結(jié)果 print total if __name__ = = '__main__' : # 創(chuàng)建40個(gè)線程 main( 40 ) |
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#!/usr/bin/python # encoding=utf-8 # Filename: put_files_hdfs.py # 讓多條命令并發(fā)執(zhí)行,如讓多條scp,ftp,hdfs上傳命令并發(fā)執(zhí)行,提高程序運(yùn)行效率 import datetime import os import threading def execCmd(cmd): try : print "命令%s開(kāi)始運(yùn)行%s" % (cmd,datetime.datetime.now()) os.system(cmd) print "命令%s結(jié)束運(yùn)行%s" % (cmd,datetime.datetime.now()) except Exception, e: print '%s\t 運(yùn)行失敗,失敗原因\r\n%s' % (cmd,e) if __name__ = = '__main__' : # 需要執(zhí)行的命令列表 cmds = [ 'ls /root' , 'pwd' ,] #線程池 threads = [] print "程序開(kāi)始運(yùn)行%s" % datetime.datetime.now() for cmd in cmds: th = threading.Thread(target = execCmd, args = (cmd,)) th.start() threads.append(th) # 等待線程運(yùn)行完畢 for th in threads: th.join() print "程序結(jié)束運(yùn)行%s" % datetime.datetime.now() |
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