測(cè)試結(jié)果：
整個(gè)買票流程可以再快一點(diǎn)，不過為了穩(wěn)定起見，有些地方等待了一些時(shí)間
完整程序，拿去可用
整個(gè)程序分了三個(gè)模塊：購票模塊（主體）、驗(yàn)證碼識(shí)別模塊、余票查詢模塊
購票模塊：
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from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException, ElementNotVisibleExceptionimport timeimport requestsfrom urllib.parse import urlencodefrom pyquery import PyQuery as pqfrom check_ticket import Checkfrom verify import Codeimport jsonclass Buy_Ticket(): def __init__(self, start_station, end_station, date, username, password, purpose): self.num = 1 self.start = start_station self.end = end_station self.date = date self.username = username self.password = password self.purpose = purpose self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init' self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init' def login(self): browser.get(self.login_url) try: input_name = browser.find_element_by_id('username') input_pd = browser.find_element_by_id('password') button = browser.find_element_by_id('loginSub') time.sleep(1) input_name.send_keys(self.username) input_pd.send_keys(self.password) c = Code(browser) #調(diào)用驗(yàn)證碼識(shí)別模塊 c.main() button.click() time.sleep(2) #等待頁面跳轉(zhuǎn)，如果驗(yàn)證碼識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤，就執(zhí)行下面的while語句 while browser.current_url == self.login_url + '#': c = Code(browser) c.main() button.click() time.sleep(2) #self.get_passenger() self.check() except NoSuchElementException: self.login() def check(self): #調(diào)用余票查詢模塊 check = Check(self.date, self.start, self.end, self.purpose) start_end = check.look_up_station() self.num = check.get_info() #cookie的添加，json.dumps把以漢字形式呈現(xiàn)的起始、終點(diǎn)站轉(zhuǎn)化成unicode編碼，可在審查元素里查看cookie browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.start).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[0]}) browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_toStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.end).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[1]}) browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromDate', 'value':self.date}) browser.get(self.ticket_url) if self.purpose == '學(xué)生': btn = browser.find_element_by_id('sf2') time.sleep(1) btn.click() button = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket') time.sleep(1) button.click() def book_ticket(self): print('開始預(yù)訂車票...') #先查找出所有車次對(duì)應(yīng)的預(yù)訂按鈕，再根據(jù)余票查詢模塊返回的車次序號(hào)，點(diǎn)擊相應(yīng)的預(yù)訂按鈕 button = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('btn72') button[self.num-1].click() time.sleep(3) button2 = browser.find_element_by_id('normalPassenger_0') #按實(shí)際情況，可自行修改，這里就選擇的第一個(gè)常用聯(lián)系人， #第二個(gè)是normalPassenger_1，依此類推 button2.click() button3 = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id') time.sleep(1) button3.click() time.sleep(3) #等待頁面加載完畢，不然后面可能會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),等待時(shí)間自行決定 try: button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id') button4.click() except ElementNotVisibleException: button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id') button4.click() print('車票預(yù)定成功！請(qǐng)?jiān)?0分鐘內(nèi)完成付款！') def main(self): self.login() self.book_ticket()if __name__ == '__main__': begin = time.time() browser = webdriver.Chrome() b = Buy_Ticket('上海', '重慶', '2018-09-18', '賬號(hào)', '密碼', 'ADULT') #賬號(hào)、密碼自行修改 b.main() end = time.time() print('總耗時(shí)：%d秒' % int(end-begin)) #browser.close() |
驗(yàn)證碼識(shí)別模塊：
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import requestsfrom PIL import Imagefrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsimport timefrom io import BytesIOclass Code(): def __init__(self, browser): self.browser = browser self.verify_url = 'http://littlebigluo.qicp.net:47720/' #驗(yàn)證碼識(shí)別網(wǎng)址，返回識(shí)別結(jié)果 #確定驗(yàn)證碼的位置 def get_position(self): time.sleep(3) element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par') time.sleep(2) location = element.location size = element.size position= (location['x'], location['y'], location['x'] + size['width'], location['y'] + size['height']) return position #截取整個(gè)網(wǎng)頁頁面 def get_screenshot(self): screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png() screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot)) return screenshot #從截取的網(wǎng)頁，裁剪出驗(yàn)證碼圖片，并保存到本地 def get_touclick_img(self, name = 'captcha.png'): position = self.get_position() print('驗(yàn)證碼的位置:', position) screenshot = self.get_screenshot() captcha = screenshot.crop(position) captcha.save('captcha.png') #驗(yàn)證碼解析 def parse_img(self): files = {'file': open('captcha.png', 'rb')} #打開保存到本地的驗(yàn)證碼圖片 response = requests.post(self.verify_url, files=files) num = response.text.split('<B>')[1].split('<')[0] print('驗(yàn)證碼識(shí)別成功！圖片位置：%s' % num) try: if int(num): return [int(num)] except ValueError: num = list(map(int,num.split())) return num #識(shí)別結(jié)果num都以列表形式返回，方便后續(xù)驗(yàn)證碼的點(diǎn)擊 #實(shí)現(xiàn)驗(yàn)證碼自動(dòng)點(diǎn)擊 def move(self): num = self.parse_img() try: element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par') for i in num: if i <= 4: ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),73).click().perform() else : i -= 4 ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),145).click().perform() except: print('元素不可選！') def main(self): self.get_touclick_img() self.move() |
余票查詢模塊：
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import requestsfrom urllib.parse import urlencodeclass Check(): def __init__(self, date, start, end, purpose): self.base_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryA?' self.url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9018' self.date = date self.start_station = start self.end_station = end if purpose == '學(xué)生': self.purpose = '0X00' else: self.purpose = purpose #查找出車站的英文簡(jiǎn)稱，用于構(gòu)造cookie、完整的余票查詢鏈接 def look_up_station(self): response1 = requests.get(self.url) a = response1.text.split('@') a.pop(0) for each in a: i = each.split('|') if self.start_station == i[1]: self.start_station = i[2] elif self.end_station == i[1]: self.end_station = i[2] return [self.start_station, self.end_station] def get_info(self): start_end = self.look_up_station() #構(gòu)造請(qǐng)求參數(shù) data = { 'leftTicketDTO.train_date':self.date, 'leftTicketDTO.from_station':start_end[0], 'leftTicketDTO.to_station':start_end[1], 'purpose_codes':self.purpose } url = self.base_url + urlencode(data) response = requests.get(url) json = response.json() maps = json['data']['map'] count = 0 #用于對(duì)車次編號(hào) for each in json['data']['result']: count += 1 s = each.split('|')[3:] info = { 'train':s[0], 'start_end':maps[s[3]] + '-' + maps[s[4]], 'time':s[5] + '-' + s[6], '歷時(shí)':s[7], '一等座':s[-5], '二等座':s[-6] } try: #余票的結(jié)果有3種：有、一個(gè)具體的數(shù)字(如：18、6等)、無，判斷如果余票是有或者一個(gè)具體的數(shù)字就直接輸出對(duì)應(yīng)的車次信息，然后返回 if info['二等座'] == '有' or int(info['二等座']): print('[%d]' % count, info) return count except ValueError: continue |
總結(jié)
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Python + selenium + requests實(shí)現(xiàn)12306全自動(dòng)搶票及驗(yàn)證碼破解加自動(dòng)點(diǎn)擊功能，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請(qǐng)給我留言，小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對(duì)服務(wù)器之家網(wǎng)站的支持！
原文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/mumengyun/p/10001109.html
