java解析XML幾種方式小結
第一種:DOM。
DOM的全稱是Document Object Model,也即文檔對象模型。在應用程序中,基于DOM的XML分析器將一個XML文檔轉換成一個對象模型的集合(通常稱DOM樹),應用程序正是通過對這個對象模型的操作,來實現對XML文檔數據的操作。通過DOM接口,應用程序可以在任何時候訪問XML文檔中的任何一部分數據,因此,這種利用DOM接口的機制也被稱作隨機訪問機制。
DOM接口提供了一種通過分層對象模型來訪問XML文檔信息的方式,這些分層對象模型依據XML的文檔結構形成了一棵節點樹。無論XML文檔中所描述的是什么類型的信息,即便是制表數據、項目列表或一個文檔,利用DOM所生成的模型都是節點樹的形式。也就是說,DOM強制使用樹模型來訪問XML文檔中的信息。由于XML本質上就是一種分層結構,所以這種描述方法是相當有效的。
DOM樹所提供的隨機訪問方式給應用程序的開發帶來了很大的靈活性,它可以任意地控制整個XML文檔中的內容。然而,由于DOM分析器把整個XML文檔轉化成DOM樹放在了內存中,因此,當文檔比較大或者結構比較復雜時,對內存的需求就比較高。而且,對于結構復雜的樹的遍歷也是一項耗時的操作。所以,DOM分析器對機器性能的要求比較高,實現效率不十分理想。不過,由于DOM分析器所采用的樹結構的思想與XML文檔的結構相吻合,同時鑒于隨機訪問所帶來的方便,因此,DOM分析器還是有很廣泛的使用價值的。
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import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class DomTest1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // step 1: 獲得dom解析器工廠(工作的作用是用于創建具體的解析器) DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); // System.out.println("class name: " + dbf.getClass().getName()); // step 2:獲得具體的dom解析器 DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); // System.out.println("class name: " + db.getClass().getName()); // step3: 解析一個xml文檔,獲得Document對象(根結點) Document document = db.parse( new File( "candidate.xml" )); NodeList list = document.getElementsByTagName( "PERSON" ); for ( int i = 0 ; i < list.getLength(); i++) { Element element = (Element)list.item(i); String content = element.getElementsByTagName( "NAME" ).item( 0 ).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); System.out.println( "name:" + content); content = element.getElementsByTagName( "ADDRESS" ).item( 0 ).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); System.out.println( "address:" + content); content = element.getElementsByTagName( "TEL" ).item( 0 ).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); System.out.println( "tel:" + content); content = element.getElementsByTagName( "FAX" ).item( 0 ).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); System.out.println( "fax:" + content); content = element.getElementsByTagName( "EMAIL" ).item( 0 ).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); System.out.println( "email:" + content); System.out.println( "--------------------------------------" ); } } } |
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import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Attr; import org.w3c.dom.Comment; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; /** * 使用遞歸解析給定的任意一個xml文檔并且將其內容輸出到命令行上 * @author zhanglong * */ public class DomTest3 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse( new File( "student.xml" )); //獲得根元素結點 Element root = doc.getDocumentElement(); parseElement(root); } private static void parseElement(Element element) { String tagName = element.getNodeName(); NodeList children = element.getChildNodes(); System.out.print( "<" + tagName); //element元素的所有屬性所構成的NamedNodeMap對象,需要對其進行判斷 NamedNodeMap map = element.getAttributes(); //如果該元素存在屬性 if ( null != map) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < map.getLength(); i++) { //獲得該元素的每一個屬性 Attr attr = (Attr)map.item(i); String attrName = attr.getName(); String attrValue = attr.getValue(); System.out.print( " " + attrName + "=\"" + attrValue + "\"" ); } } System.out.print( ">" ); for ( int i = 0 ; i < children.getLength(); i++) { Node node = children.item(i); //獲得結點的類型 short nodeType = node.getNodeType(); if (nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { //是元素,繼續遞歸 parseElement((Element)node); } else if (nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE) { //遞歸出口 System.out.print(node.getNodeValue()); } else if (nodeType == Node.COMMENT_NODE) { System.out.print( "<!--" ); Comment comment = (Comment)node; //注釋內容 String data = comment.getData(); System.out.print(data); System.out.print( "-->" ); } } System.out.print( "</" + tagName + ">" ); } } |
sax:SAX的全稱是Simple APIs for XML,也即XML簡單應用程序接口。與DOM不同,SAX提供的訪問模式是一種順序模式,這是一種快速讀寫XML數據的方式。當使用SAX分析器對XML文檔進行分析時,會觸發一系列事件,并激活相應的事件處理函數,應用程序通過這些事件處理函數實現對XML文檔的訪問,因而SAX接口也被稱作事件驅動接口。
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import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class SaxTest1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //step1: 獲得SAX解析器工廠實例 SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); //step2: 獲得SAX解析器實例 SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); //step3: 開始進行解析 parser.parse( new File( "student.xml" ), new MyHandler()); } } class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler { @Override public void startDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println( "parse began" ); } @Override public void endDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println( "parse finished" ); } @Override public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println( "start element" ); } @Override public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println( "finish element" ); } } |
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import java.io.File; import java.util.Stack; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class SaxTest2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); parser.parse( new File( "student.xml" ), new MyHandler2()); } } class MyHandler2 extends DefaultHandler { private Stack<String> stack = new Stack<String>(); private String name; private String gender; private String age; @Override public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { stack.push(qName); for ( int i = 0 ; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { String attrName = attributes.getQName(i); String attrValue = attributes.getValue(i); System.out.println(attrName + "=" + attrValue); } } @Override public void characters( char [] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { String tag = stack.peek(); if ( "姓名" .equals(tag)) { name = new String(ch, start,length); } else if ( "性別" .equals(tag)) { gender = new String(ch, start, length); } else if ( "年齡" .equals(tag)) { age = new String(ch, start, length); } } @Override public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { stack.pop(); //表示該元素已經解析完畢,需要從棧中彈出 if ( "學生" .equals(qName)) { System.out.println( "姓名:" + name); System.out.println( "性別:" + gender); System.out.println( "年齡:" + age); System.out.println(); } } } |
JDOM:
JDOM是一個開源項目,它基于樹型結構,利用純JAVA的技術對XML文檔實現解析、生成、序列化以及多種操作。(http://jdom.org)
•JDOM 直接為JAVA編程服務。它利用更為強有力的JAVA語言的諸多特性(方法重載、集合概念等),把SAX和DOM的功能有效地結合起來。
•JDOM是用Java語言讀、寫、操作XML的新API函數。在直接、簡單和高效的前提下,這些API函數被最大限度的優化。
jdom創建xml
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import java.io.FileWriter; import org.jdom.Attribute; import org.jdom.Comment; import org.jdom.Document; import org.jdom.Element; import org.jdom.output.Format; import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter; public class JDomTest1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Document document = new Document(); Element root = new Element( "root" ); document.addContent(root); Comment comment = new Comment( "This is my comments" ); root.addContent(comment); Element e = new Element( "hello" ); e.setAttribute( "sohu" , "www.sohu.com" ); root.addContent(e); Element e2 = new Element( "world" ); Attribute attr = new Attribute( "test" , "hehe" ); e2.setAttribute(attr); e.addContent(e2); e2.addContent( new Element( "aaa" ).setAttribute( "a" , "b" ) .setAttribute( "x" , "y" ).setAttribute( "gg" , "hh" ).setText( "text content" )); Format format = Format.getPrettyFormat(); format.setIndent( " " ); // format.setEncoding("gbk"); XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter(format); out.output(document, new FileWriter( "jdom.xml" )); } } |
JDOM解析xml
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import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.util.List; import org.jdom.Attribute; import org.jdom.Document; import org.jdom.Element; import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder; import org.jdom.output.Format; import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter; public class JDomTest2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(); Document doc = builder.build( new File( "jdom.xml" )); Element element = doc.getRootElement(); System.out.println(element.getName()); Element hello = element.getChild( "hello" ); System.out.println(hello.getText()); List list = hello.getAttributes(); for ( int i = 0 ;i < list.size(); i++) { Attribute attr = (Attribute)list.get(i); String attrName = attr.getName(); String attrValue = attr.getValue(); System.out.println(attrName + "=" + attrValue); } hello.removeChild( "world" ); XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter(Format.getPrettyFormat().setIndent( " " )); out.output(doc, new FileOutputStream( "jdom2.xml" )); } } |
Dom4j
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import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.FileWriter; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat; import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; public class Test1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 創建文檔并設置文檔的根元素節點 :第一種方式 // Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument(); // // Element root = DocumentHelper.createElement("student"); // // document.setRootElement(root); // 創建文檔并設置文檔的根元素節點 :第二種方式 Element root = DocumentHelper.createElement( "student" ); Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument(root); root.addAttribute( "name" , "zhangsan" ); Element helloElement = root.addElement( "hello" ); Element worldElement = root.addElement( "world" ); helloElement.setText( "hello" ); worldElement.setText( "world" ); helloElement.addAttribute( "age" , "20" ); XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(); xmlWriter.write(document); OutputFormat format = new OutputFormat( " " , true ); XMLWriter xmlWriter2 = new XMLWriter( new FileOutputStream( "student2.xml" ), format); xmlWriter2.write(document); XMLWriter xmlWriter3 = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( "student3.xml" ), format); xmlWriter3.write(document); xmlWriter3.close(); } } |
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import java.io.File; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.DOMReader; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; public class Test2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); Document doc = saxReader.read( new File( "student2.xml" )); Element root = doc.getRootElement(); System.out.println( "root element: " + root.getName()); List childList = root.elements(); System.out.println(childList.size()); List childList2 = root.elements( "hello" ); System.out.println(childList2.size()); Element first = root.element( "hello" ); System.out.println(first.attributeValue( "age" )); for (Iterator iter = root.elementIterator(); iter.hasNext();) { Element e = (Element)iter.next(); System.out.println(e.attributeValue( "age" )); } System.out.println( "---------------------------" ); DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); org.w3c.dom.Document document = db.parse( new File( "student2.xml" )); DOMReader domReader = new DOMReader(); //將JAXP的Document轉換為dom4j的Document Document d = domReader.read(document); Element rootElement = d.getRootElement(); System.out.println(rootElement.getName()); } } |
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import java.io.FileWriter; import org.jdom.Attribute; import org.jdom.Document; import org.jdom.Element; import org.jdom.output.Format; import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter; public class Test3 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Document document = new Document(); Element root = new Element( "聯系人列表" ).setAttribute( new Attribute( "公司" , "A集團" )); document.addContent(root); Element contactPerson = new Element( "聯系人" ); root.addContent(contactPerson); contactPerson .addContent( new Element( "姓名" ).setText( "張三" )) .addContent( new Element( "公司" ).setText( "A公司" )) .addContent( new Element( "電話" ).setText( "021-55556666" )) .addContent( new Element( "地址" ) .addContent( new Element( "街道" ).setText( "5街" )) .addContent( new Element( "城市" ).setText( "上海" )) .addContent( new Element( "省份" ).setText( "上海市" ))); XMLOutputter output = new XMLOutputter(Format.getPrettyFormat() .setIndent( " " ).setEncoding( "gbk" )); output.output(document, new FileWriter( "contact.xml" )); } } |