環境
Linux版本：CentOS 6.5、Ubuntu 12.04.5
JDK版本：JDK 1.7
目錄
方法一：手動解壓JDK的壓縮包，然后設置環境變量
方法二：用yum安裝JDK
方法三：用rpm安裝JDK
方法四：Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安裝JDK
內容
方法一：手動解壓JDK的壓縮包，然后設置環境變量
1.在/usr/目錄下創建java目錄
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[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/usr/java[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/java |
2.下載，然后解壓
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[root@localhost java]# curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz [root@localhost java]# tar -zxvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz |
3.設置環境變量
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[root@localhost java]# vi /etc/profile |
添加如下內容：
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#set java environmentJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/jreCLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/libPATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/binexport JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH |
讓修改生效：
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[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile |
4.驗證
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[root@localhost java]# java -versionjava version "1.7.0_79"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode) |
方法二：用yum安裝JDK(CentOS)
1.查看yum庫中都有哪些jdk版本
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[root@localhost ~]# yum search java|grep jdkldapjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : Javadoc for ldapjdkjava-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environmentjava-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demosjava-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environmentjava-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86_64 : OpenJDK API Documentationjava-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundlejava-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environmentjava-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demosjava-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environmentjava-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentationjava-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundlejava-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environmentjava-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86_64 : OpenJDK Demosjava-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 : OpenJDK Development Environmentjava-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environmentjava-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentationjava-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundleldapjdk.x86_64 : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK |
2.選擇版本，進行安裝，我們這里安裝1.7版本
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[root@localhost ~]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk |
安裝完之后，默認的安裝目錄是在: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64
3.設置環境變量
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[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile |
添加如下內容：
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#set java environmentJAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86_64JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jreCLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/libPATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/binexport JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH |
讓修改生效：
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[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile |
3.驗證 同上。
注：因為采用yum安裝jdk，系統考慮到多版本的問題，會用alternatives進行版本控制。開始，相應版本的jdk安裝在/usr/lib/jvm/之后，會在alternatives中注冊，在/etc/alternatives目錄下會產生一些鏈接到/usr/lib/jvm/中剛安裝好的jdk版本。
在/usr/bin下面會有鏈接到/etc/alternatives的相應的文件。比如，/usr/bin下面會有一個鏈接文件java的映射關系如下：
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/usr/bin/java->/etc/alternatives/java/etc/alternatives/java-> /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java |
這樣，java命令不用設置環境變量，就可以正常運行了。但如果對于tomcat或其他軟件來說還是要設置環境變量。
同樣，如果安裝新的版本jdk，就會重新鏈接到最新安裝的jdk版本。當然，也可以使用alternatives修改所要使用的版本。
具體方法可參照：《使用Linux的alternatives管理多版本的軟件》
方法三：用rpm安裝JDK
1.下載
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[hadoop@localhost ~]$ curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm |
2.使用rpm命令安裝
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpmPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:jdk ###########################################[100%]Unpacking JAR files... rt.jar... jsse.jar... charsets.jar... tools.jar... localedata.jar... jfxrt.jar... |
3.設置環境變量
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[root@localhost java]# vi /etc/profile |
添加如下內容：
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#set java environmentJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/jreCLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/libPATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/binexport JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH |
讓修改生效：
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[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile |
4.驗證
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[root@localhost java]# java -versionjava version "1.7.0_79"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode) |
和yum安裝類似，不用設置環境變量就可以，運行java命令。rpm安裝方式默認會把jdk安裝到/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79，然后通過三層鏈接，鏈接到/usr/bin,具體鏈接如下：
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /bin[root@localhost bin]# ll|grep javalrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Mar 28 11:24 jar ->/usr/java/default/bin/jarlrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Mar 28 11:24 java -> /usr/java/default/bin/javalrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Mar 28 11:24 javac ->/usr/java/default/bin/javaclrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Mar 28 11:24 javadoc ->/usr/java/default/bin/javadoclrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 Mar 28 11:24 javaws ->/usr/java/default/bin/javawslrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 Mar 28 11:24 jcontrol ->/usr/java/default/bin/jcontrol[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/java/[root@localhost java]# lltotal 4lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 28 11:24 default-> /usr/java/latestdrwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 Mar 28 11:24 jdk1.7.0_79lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Mar 28 11:24 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79 |
方法四：Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安裝JDK
1.查看apt庫都有哪些jdk版本
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root@Itble:~# apt-cache search java|grep jdkdefault-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kitdefault-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)gcj-4.6-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)gcj-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentationopenjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)openjdk-6-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source filesopenjdk-7-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)openjdk-7-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)openjdk-7-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentationopenjdk-7-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)openjdk-7-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source filesuwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-6 - Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-6 - JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JITopenjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JITopenjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)openjdk-7-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries) |
2.選擇版本進行安裝
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root@Itble:~# apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk |
3.設置環境變量
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root@Itble:~# vi /etc/profile |
添加如下內容：
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#set java environmentJAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jreCLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/libPATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/binexport JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH |
讓修改生效：
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root@Itble:~# source /etc/profile |
4.驗證
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root@Itble:~# java -versionjava version "1.7.0_79"OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.5) (7u79-2.5.5-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode) |
Ubuntu的apt-get安裝方式和CentOS的yum安裝方式很類似，這里就不再啰嗦。
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持服務器之家。
