本章將教你如何使用Struts2 的應用程序發送電子郵件。對于此練習中,需要下載并安裝將mail.jar 從 JavaMail API1.4.4,并將 mail.jar文件放置在WEB-INFlib文件夾,然后繼續遵循的標準步驟創建動作,視圖和配置文件。
創建動作:
下一步是創建一個Action方法,發送電子郵件。讓我們創建一個新類稱為 Emailer.java 以下內容。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
|
package com.yiibai.struts2; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class Emailer extends ActionSupport { private String from; private String password; private String to; private String subject; private String body; static Properties properties = new Properties(); static { properties.put( "mail.smtp.host" , "smtp.gmail.com" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.socketFactory.port" , "465" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.socketFactory.class" , "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.auth" , "true" ); properties.put( "mail.smtp.port" , "465" ); } public String execute() { String ret = SUCCESS; try { Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new javax.mail.Authenticator() { protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(from, password); }}); Message message = new MimeMessage(session); message.setFrom( new InternetAddress(from)); message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to)); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(body); Transport.send(message); } catch (Exception e) { ret = ERROR; e.printStackTrace(); } return ret; } public String getFrom() { return from; } public void setFrom(String from) { this .from = from; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this .password = password; } public String getTo() { return to; } public void setTo(String to) { this .to = to; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this .subject = subject; } public String getBody() { return body; } public void setBody(String body) { this .body = body; } public static Properties getProperties() { return properties; } public static void setProperties(Properties properties) { Emailer.properties = properties; } } |
可以看到在上面的源代碼中,Emailer.java有對應的形式在下面給出的email.jsp頁的屬性的屬性。這些屬性
- from - 發件人的電子郵件地址。由于我們使用的是谷歌的SMTP,我們需要一個有效的gtalk ID
- password - 上述帳戶的密碼
- to - 給誰發送電子郵件?
- Subject - 電子郵件主題
- body - 實際的電子郵件消息
我們有沒有考慮過上述各個屬性的任何驗證,驗證將被添加在下一章?,F在讓我們看看在execute()方法。 execute()方法使用使用javax郵件庫發送一封電子郵件,使用提供的參數。如果郵件被發送,動作返回 SUCCESS,否則它返回ERROR。
創建主頁頁:
讓我們編寫主頁index.jsp的JSP文件,這將被用來收集電子郵件的相關信息,上面提到的:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > <html> <head> <title>Email Form</title> </head> <body> <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server. So you need to enter a gmail username and password </em> <form action= "emailer" method= "post" > <label for = "from" >From</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "from" /><br/> <label for = "password" >Password</label><br/> <input type= "password" name= "password" /><br/> <label for = "to" >To</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "to" /><br/> <label for = "subject" >Subject</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "subject" /><br/> <label for = "body" >Body</label><br/> <input type= "text" name= "body" /><br/> <input type= "submit" value= "Send Email" /> </form> </body> </html> |
創建視圖:
我們將使用JSP文件的success.jsp將被調用的情況下行動返回SUCCESS,但在發生ERROR 的情況下,我們將有另一種視圖認為文件是從操作返回。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > <html> <head> <title>Email Success</title> </head> <body> Your email to <s:property value= "to" /> was sent successfully. </body> </html> |
下面將是在一個錯誤的情況下,從動作返回視圖文件error.jsp。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
<%@ page language= "java" contentType= "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <%@ taglib prefix= "s" uri= "/struts-tags" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" > <html> <head> <title>Email Error</title> </head> <body> There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value= "to" />. </body> </html> |
配置文件:
現在,讓我們將這一切組合起來使用struts.xml的配置文件如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> < struts > < constant name = "struts.devMode" value = "true" /> < package name = "helloworld" extends = "struts-default" > < action name = "emailer" class = "com.yiibai.struts2.Emailer" method = "execute" > < result name = "success" >/success.jsp</ result > < result name = "error" >/error.jsp</ result > </ action > </ package > </ struts > |
以下是web.xml文件中的內容:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
|
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.0" > < display-name >Struts 2</ display-name > < welcome-file-list > < welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file > </ welcome-file-list > < filter > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > < filter-class > org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > </ web-app > |
現在,右鍵點擊項目名稱,并單擊 Export > WAR File創建一個WAR文件。然后部署此WAR在Tomcat的webapps目錄下。最后,啟動Tomcat服務器和嘗試訪問URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。這會給出以下畫面:
輸入所需信息,并單擊“Send Email ”按鈕。如果一切順利,那么應該看到以下頁面:
如果是SSH三個框架配合起來使用,這里再給個例子,不過struts和spring的框架外,也需要mail.jar,activation.jar.
1) 首先在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
< bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl" > < property name = "host" value = "host" /> < property name = "username" value = "username" /> < property name = "password" value = "password" /> </ bean > < bean id = "sendMailAction" class = "cn.com.action.SendMailAction" singleton = "false" > < property name = "mailSender" >< ref bean = "mailSender" /> </ property > </ bean > |
2)實現發送郵件java類代碼
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{ public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) { this .mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendMail() throws Exception { |
1:簡單郵件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{ public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) { this .mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendMail() throws Exception { |
2:HTML郵件的發送
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
//建立郵件消息,發送簡單郵件和html郵件的區別 MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage); //設置收件人,寄件人 messageHelper.setTo( "sun111@163.com" ); messageHelper.setFrom( "webadmin@163.com" ); messageHelper.setSubject( "測試HTML郵件!" ); //true 表示啟動HTML格式的郵件 messageHelper.setText( "<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1></body></html>" , true ); //發送郵件 senderImpl.send(mailMessage); |
3:本類測試郵件中嵌套圖片
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
//建立郵件消息,發送簡單郵件和html郵件的區別 MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); //注意這里的boolean,等于真的時候才能嵌套圖片,在構建MimeMessageHelper時候,所給定的值是true表示啟用, multipart模式 MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage, true ); //設置收件人,寄件人 messageHelper.setTo( "sun111@163.com" ); messageHelper.setFrom( "webadmin@163.com" ); messageHelper.setSubject( "測試郵件中嵌套圖片!!" ); //true 表示啟動HTML格式的郵件 messageHelper.setText( "<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1>" + "<img src=" / " mce_src=" / "" cid:aaa/ "/></body></html>" , true ); FileSystemResource img = new FileSystemResource( new File( "c:/aaa.jpg" )); messageHelper.addInline( "aaa" ,img); //發送郵件 senderImpl.send(mailMessage); } } |