一、要求
1 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[StuScore](
[stuid] [int] NOT NULL,
[subject] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
[score] [decimal](5, 1) NULL
)
2 插入測試數(shù)據(jù)
stuid subject score
3 chinese 76.0
3 math 73.0
4 chinese 82.0
5 chinese 66.0
5 math 93.0
6 chinese 67.0
7 math 83.0
8 chinese 77.0
8 math 84.0
3 行轉(zhuǎn)列后的結(jié)果
stuid chinese math
3 76.0 73.0
4 82.0 0.0
5 66.0 93.0
6 67.0 0.0
7 0.0 83.0
8 77.0 84.0
二 、分析
1 行轉(zhuǎn)列,一個(gè)重點(diǎn)就是怎么樣知道有多少列,怎么樣創(chuàng)建這些列?我們可以先把這個(gè)問題擱置,而假設(shè)這些列是已知的。 例如示例數(shù)據(jù)中,可以先假設(shè)subject的數(shù)據(jù)[chinese,math]是已知的,這樣問題就簡化了許多
2 當(dāng)已知了chinese,math后,我們至少要先得到轉(zhuǎn)換后的tabel結(jié)構(gòu)
如下;
select stuid, 0 as chinese, 0 as math from dbo.StuScore
結(jié)果如下
stuid chinese math
3 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
8 0 0
3 接著就需要往這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集中去填充chinese, math的數(shù)據(jù)
select stuid,
case subject when 'chinese' then score else 0 end as chinese,
case subject when 'math' then score else 0 end as math
from dbo.StuScore
結(jié)果如下:
stuid chinese math
3 76.0 0.0
3 0.0 73.0
4 82.0 0.0
5 66.0 0.0
5 0.0 93.0
6 67.0 0.0
7 0.0 83.0
8 77.0 0.0
8 0.0 84.0
4 細(xì)心的讀者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)步驟3中的結(jié)果與我們想要的已經(jīng)非常接近了,只需再做一個(gè)sum()處理,就OK了
select stuid,
sum(case subject when 'chinese' then score else 0 end ) as chinese,
sum(case subject when 'math' then score else 0 end ) as math
from dbo.StuScore group by stuid
得到的正是我們想要的結(jié)果
stuid chinese math
3 76.0 73.0
4 82.0 0.0
5 66.0 93.0
6 67.0 0.0
7 0.0 83.0
8 77.0 84.0
是不是現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了呢?答案是否定的。前面我們已經(jīng)說過,是為了簡化問題,在假設(shè)已經(jīng)知道了subject數(shù)據(jù)的情況下,這么處理的,實(shí)際上subject的數(shù)據(jù)是可變的,未知的,接下來就是要解決這個(gè)問題了
5 要獲取subject的數(shù)據(jù)其實(shí)很簡單
select distinct subject from dbo.StuScore
獲取以后怎樣得到case subject when 'chinese' then score else 0 end 這種語句?
可以根據(jù)subject的值去動(dòng)態(tài)的組sql語句
看下面的一段代碼
declare @sql varchar(2000)
set @sql=''
select @sql =@sql+ ',case subject when '''+subject+''' then 1 else 0 end as ' + subject
from (select distinct subject from dbo.StuScore) as sub
print @sql
message打印的信息如下:
,case subject when 'chinese' then 1 else 0 end as chinese,case subject when 'math' then 1 else 0 end as math
6 最后我們就需要將前面步驟綜合起來,得到最終的sql
declare @sql varchar(2000)
set @sql='select stuid'
select @sql =@sql+ ',sum(case subject when '''+subject+''' then score else 0 end) as ' + subject
from (select distinct subject from dbo.StuScore) as sub
set @sql=@sql + ' from dbo.StuScore group by stuid'
exec(@sql)
stuid chinese math
3 76.0 73.0
4 82.0 0.0
5 66.0 93.0
6 67.0 0.0
7 0.0 83.0
8 77.0 84.0
至此,整個(gè)分析過程和結(jié)果就都出來了。
初試寫文章, 多包涵,指正。