1 HttpClient簡介
在JDK中java.net包下提供了用戶HTTP訪問的基本功能,但是它缺少靈活性或許多應用所需要的功能。
? HttpClient起初是Apache Jakarta Common 的子項目。用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協議的客戶端編程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 協議最新的版本。2007年成為頂級項目。
? 通俗解釋:HttpClient可以實現使用Java代碼完成標準HTTP請求及響應。
2 代碼實現
2.1 服務端
新建項目HttpClientServer
2.1.1 新建控制器
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com.mrshun.controller.DemoController @Controller public class DemoController { @RequestMapping ( "/demo" ) @ResponseBody public String demo(String param){ return "demo" +param; } } |
2.1.2 新建啟動器
新建啟動器
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com.mrshun.HttpClientServerApplication @SpringBootApplication public class HttpClientServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HttpClientServerApplication. class ,args); } } |
2.2 客戶端
新建HttpClientDemo項目
2.2.1 添加依賴
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< dependencies > < dependency > < groupId >org.apache.httpcomponents</ groupId > < artifactId >httpclient</ artifactId > < version >4.5.10</ version > </ dependency > </ dependencies > |
2.2.2 新建類
新建com.mrshun.HttpClientDemo,編寫主方法。
2.2.2.1 使用GET方法訪問
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public static void main(String[] args) { try { //創建http工具(理解成:瀏覽器) 發起請求,解析響應 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); //請求路徑 URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder( "http://localhost:8080/demo" ); uriBuilder.addParameter( "param" , "get123" ); //創建HttpGet請求對象 HttpGet get = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build()); //創建響應對象 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get); //由于響應體是字符串,因此把HttpEntity類型轉換為字符串類型,并設置字符編碼 String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8" ); //輸出結果 System.out.println(result); //釋放資源 response.close(); httpClient.close(); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } |
2.2.2.2 使用POST方式訪問
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public class HttpClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //創建http工具(理解成:瀏覽器) 發起請求,解析響應 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); //創建HttpPOST請求對象 HttpPost post = new HttpPost( "http://localhost:8080/demo" ); //所有請求參數 List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>(); params.add( new BasicNameValuePair( "param" , "123" )); //創建HttpEntity接口的文本實現類的對象,放入參數并設置編碼 HttpEntity httpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8" ); //放入到HttpPost對象中 post.setEntity(httpEntity); //創建響應對象 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); //由于響應體是字符串,因此把HttpEntity類型轉換為字符串類型 String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); //輸出結果 System.out.println(result); //釋放資源 response.close(); httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
3. Jackson用法
3.1 把對象轉換為json字符串
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ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); People peo = new People(); objectMapper.writeValueAsString(peo); |
3.2 把json字符串轉換為對象
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ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); People peo = objectMapper.readValue(content, People. class ); |
3.3 把json字符串轉換為List集合
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ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); JavaType javaType = objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(List. class , People. class ); List<People> list = objectMapper.readValue(content, javaType); |
4 HttpClient請求包含JSON
4.1 java代碼實現
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public class HttpClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost post = new HttpPost( "http://localhost:8080/demo" ); HttpEntity httpEntity= null ; String json = "{}" ; StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON); post.setEntity(entity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); System.out.println(result); response.close(); httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
5 控制器接口參數
@RequestBody把請求體中流數據轉換為指定的對象。多用在請求參數是json數據且請求的Content-Type=”application/json”
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@RequestMapping ( "/demo4" ) @ResponseBody public String demo4( @RequestBody List<People> list) { System.out.println(list); return list.toString(); } |
6 Ajax發送json參數寫法
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var json = '[{"id":123,"name":"mrshun"},{"id":123,"name":"zhangyongshun"}]' ; $.ajax({ url: '/demo5' , type: 'post' , success: function (data){ alert(data); for ( var i = 0 ;i<data.length;i++){ alert(data[i].id + " " +data[i].name); } }, contentType: 'application/json' , //請求體中內容類型 dataType: 'json' , //響應內容類型。 data:json }); |
7 跨域
- 跨域:協議、ip、端口中只要有一個不同就是跨域請求。
- 同源策略:瀏覽器默認只允許ajax訪問同源(協議、ip、端口都相同)內容。
解決同源策略:
? 在控制器接口上添加@CrossOrigin。表示允許跨域。本質在響應頭中添加Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
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var json = '[{"id":123,"name":"mrshun"},{"id":456,"name":"zhangyongshun"}]' ; $.ajax({ url: '/demo5' , type: 'post' , success: function (data){ alert(data); for ( var i = 0 ;i<data.length;i++){ alert(data[i].id + " " +data[i].name); } }, contentType: 'application/json' , //請求體中內容類型 dataType: 'json' , //響應內容類型。 data:json }); |
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原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46144237/article/details/120751147