1. 簡要
雙網(wǎng)卡綁定技術(shù)在centos7中使用了teaming技術(shù)，而在rhel6/centos7中使用的是bonding技術(shù)，在centos7中雙網(wǎng)卡綁定既能使用teaming也可以使用bonding，這里推薦使用teaming技術(shù)，方便與查看和監(jiān)控。
2. 原理
這里介紹兩種最常見的雙網(wǎng)卡綁定模式：
（1） roundrobin - 輪詢模式
所有鏈路處于負載均衡狀態(tài)，這種模式的特點增加了帶寬，同時支持容錯能力。
（2） activebackup - 主備模式
一個網(wǎng)卡處于活動狀態(tài)，另一個處于備份狀態(tài)，所有流量都在主鏈路上處理，當(dāng)活動網(wǎng)卡down掉時，啟用備份網(wǎng)卡。
3. 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境
系統(tǒng)：centos7
在centos7中，關(guān)閉虛擬機添加網(wǎng)卡，再開啟虛擬機，系統(tǒng)是不會自動生成網(wǎng)卡的配置文件：
在centos7中要生成網(wǎng)卡配置文件的方法很簡單，使用如下命令：
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# 查看物理網(wǎng)卡信息[root@localhost ~]# nmcli devdevice type state connection eno16777736 ethernet connected eno16777736 eno33554984 ethernet connected wired connection 1 eno50332208 ethernet connected wired connection 2 lo loopback unmanaged -- |
上面的信息可以看到，一共有四張網(wǎng)卡，其中l(wèi)o是本地回環(huán)網(wǎng)卡，另外三張為物理網(wǎng)卡。
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# 查看網(wǎng)卡連接信息[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device wired connection 2 9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 wired connection 1 47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 |
上面的信息可以查看到一共有3個連接，其中兩個有線連接，表示沒有設(shè)置過的網(wǎng)卡連接，還有一個enoxx連接。接下來要修改兩個有線連接的命名方法，并生成網(wǎng)卡配置文件：
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# 首先，刪除兩個無用的有線連接[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del 9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ecconnection 'wired connection 2' (9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec) successfully deleted.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del 47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950connection 'wired connection 1' (47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950) successfully deleted. |
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# 再次創(chuàng)建新的連接并生成配置文件[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn add type ethernet con-name eno50332208 ifname eno50332208 connection 'eno50332208' (eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c) successfully added.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn add type ethernet con-name eno33554984 ifname eno33554984connection 'eno33554984' (32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003) successfully added. |
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# 最后，查看下[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno*-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 394 nov 26 05:59 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 dec 26 08:44 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno33554984-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 dec 26 08:44 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno50332208 |
網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接和配置文件都成功生成了。 接下來通過eno33554984 和 eno50332208 使用teaming模式進行雙網(wǎng)卡綁定
4. roundrobin模式：
roundrobin模式也稱為輪詢模式，它 基于每一個包 ，當(dāng)某一臺服務(wù)器的兩張網(wǎng)卡設(shè)置為roundrobin模式teaming，此時服務(wù)器發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包，就會在兩個物理網(wǎng)卡上進行輪詢，即第一個數(shù)據(jù)包走一張網(wǎng)卡，第二個數(shù)據(jù)包走第二張網(wǎng)卡，依次輪詢。
注意：
（1）roundrobin具有容錯性，當(dāng)一張網(wǎng)卡down掉，數(shù)據(jù)包依然發(fā)送成功。
（2）在使用roundrobin模式必須要在交換機上做以太通道，不然會出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)無法連通。
實際操作：
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# 使用nmcli命令操作，創(chuàng)建team接口team0，同時設(shè)置teaming模式為roundrobin[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name": "roundrobin"}}'connection 'team0' (9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f) successfully added. |
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# 給接口team0設(shè)置ip地址[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.address '10.0.0.2/24' ipv4.gateway '10.0.0.1' # 設(shè)置為手動模式，取消dhcp[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.method manual |
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# 將兩張物理網(wǎng)卡加入到team中[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0connection 'team0-port1' (22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800) successfully added.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0connection 'team0-port2' (12660d2a-0e1f-41e6-96b2-53de4fc6b78c) successfully added.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device team0-port2 12660d2a-0e1f-41e6-96b2-53de4fc6b78c 802-3-ethernet -- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 team0-port1 22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800 802-3-ethernet -- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0 eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 |
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# 查看team0的狀態(tài)[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 stsetup: runner: roundrobin |
4.1 roundrobin問題排查
第一次查看出現(xiàn)的是這樣的結(jié)果，檢查下配置：
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# 通過直接查看網(wǎng)卡發(fā)現(xiàn)team0并沒有啟動[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep team05: team0: <no-carrier,broadcast,multicast,up> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state down # 使用ifup 啟動team0并沒有成功，繼續(xù)排查[root@localhost ~]# ifup team0[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep team05: team0: <no-carrier,broadcast,multicast,up> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state down |
直接sysetmctl restart network 也沒有成功。
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# 發(fā)現(xiàn)team0-port1 team0-port2沒有添加成功物理網(wǎng)卡，怎么回事呢？[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device team0-port2 ec96c1e1-d268-4ba1-a2f9-0133a9f02655 802-3-ethernet -- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 team0-port1 22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800 802-3-ethernet -- team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0 eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 |
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# 刪除掉[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port1connection 'team0-port1' (22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800) successfully deleted.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port2connection 'team0-port2' (ec96c1e1-d268-4ba1-a2f9-0133a9f02655) successfully deleted. # 刪除兩張物理網(wǎng)卡的連接[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0 eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del eno33554984 eno50332208connection 'eno33554984' (32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003) successfully deleted.connection 'eno50332208' (eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c) successfully deleted. # 刪除成功[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0 |
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# 再次將兩張物理網(wǎng)卡添加到team[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0connection 'team0-port1' (0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d) successfully added.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0connection 'team0-port2' (880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011) successfully added.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device team0-port1 0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0 team0-port2 880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 |
現(xiàn)在成功將兩張物理網(wǎng)卡綁定到了team組中
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# 現(xiàn)在查看team0的狀態(tài)就出現(xiàn)了，模式是：roundrobin[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st setup: runner: roundrobinports: eno33554984 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 eno50332208 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 |
這樣，team模式的roundrobin搭建成功。
總結(jié)：
在做鏈路聚合的時候，所要使用到的物理網(wǎng)卡不能獨立存在連接，也就是在nmcli con sh查看時，不能獨立存在，否則就無法綁定到team模式中。
4.2 測試
因為這里是虛擬機環(huán)境，只能通過down掉網(wǎng)卡進行查看。
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[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 stsetup: runner: roundrobinports: eno33554984 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 eno50332208 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 |
兩張網(wǎng)卡同時在線，現(xiàn)在down掉其中一張網(wǎng)卡，
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port1connection 'team0-port1' (0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d) successfully deleted.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con shname uuid type device eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 team0 9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team team0 team0-port2 880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011 802-3-ethernet eno50332208[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 stsetup: runner: roundrobinports: eno50332208 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 |
這樣就發(fā)現(xiàn)eno33554984網(wǎng)卡已經(jīng)down掉了。
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0connection 'team0-port1' (59acd6bf-affc-4994-a050-83c45816859a) successfully added.[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 stsetup: runner: roundrobinports: eno33554984 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 eno50332208 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 |
虛擬機環(huán)境就這樣測試了吧，至于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境就直接拔網(wǎng)線，ping測試。
資料有說linux下roundrobin具有容錯的效果，為了測試是否有容錯的效果，虛擬機做了下更改來驗證：
這一次網(wǎng)卡全部改成橋接模式，為了更好的測試是否具有容錯性。
roundrobin已經(jīng)配置完畢。接下來我們down掉一張網(wǎng)卡檢查是否具有容錯性。
通過虛擬機測試，容錯性是存在的。
5. 雙網(wǎng)卡綁定activebackup的實現(xiàn)
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh name uuid type device team0-port2 2a1aa534-e021-4452-bb0a-2002dabcbc08 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 team0-port1 9a10c9ef-ee9c-4151-9a47-59b4668e8934 802-3-ethernet -- eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 team0 c2278f3f-5c6b-4e1d-b925-514d3c3832b6 team team0 [root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0 team0-port1 team0-port2connection 'team0' (c2278f3f-5c6b-4e1d-b925-514d3c3832b6) successfully deleted.connection 'team0-port1' (9a10c9ef-ee9c-4151-9a47-59b4668e8934) successfully deleted.connection 'team0-port2' (2a1aa534-e021-4452-bb0a-2002dabcbc08) successfully deleted.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh name uuid type device eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 # 以上操作就刪除了roundrobin模式，恢復(fù)到初始狀態(tài)。 |
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# 添加邏輯網(wǎng)卡team0，并啟用activebackup模式[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}'connection 'team0' (f0794e59-419d-4c2a-96b9-464610b6321a) successfully added.# 綁定ip[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.address 192.168.118.122/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.118.1[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.method manual# 添加物理網(wǎng)卡到activebackup模式[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0connection 'team0-port1' (52656904-6e85-4a04-98b4-2b19773fa290) successfully added.[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0connection 'team0-port2' (44d96e3a-014a-481f-9122-4ca2d3be9f7a) successfully added. |
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[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 stsetup: runner: activebackupports: eno33554984 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0 eno50332208 link watches: link summary: up instance[link_watch_0]: name: ethtool link: up down count: 0runner: active port: eno33554984 |
成功，處于活動中的網(wǎng)卡為 eno33554984
5.1 測試
通過down掉活動網(wǎng)卡測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否仍然處于連通狀態(tài)
測試成功。
注意： 在做網(wǎng)卡綁定的時候，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)物理網(wǎng)卡總是無法綁定到team0，請檢查該物理網(wǎng)卡是否處于up狀態(tài)。
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持服務(wù)器之家。
原文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/hukey/p/6224969.html
