BLOCKED 和 WAITING 的區別
BLOCKED 和 WAITING 兩種狀態從結果上來看,都是線程暫停,不會占用 CPU 資源,不過還是有一些區別的
BLOCKED
等待 Monitor 鎖的阻塞線程的線程狀態,處于阻塞狀態的線程正在等待 Monitor 鎖進入 synchronized Block 或者 Method ,或者在調用 Object.wait 后重新進入同步塊/方法。簡單的說,就是線程等待 synchronized 形式的鎖時的狀態
下面這段代碼中, t1 在等待 t0 的鎖釋放(synchronized代碼塊執行完成),那么此時 t1 的狀態就是 BLOCKED
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Object lock = new Object(); Thread t0 = new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { synchronized (lock){ System.out.println( "t0 acquire lock success" ); try { Thread.sleep( 10000 ); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }); t0.start(); Thread.sleep( 100 ); Thread t1 = new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { synchronized (lock){ System.out.println( "t1 acquire lock success" ); } } }); t1.start(); Thread.sleep( 100 ); System.out.println( "t0 state: " +t0.getState()); System.out.println( "t1 state: " +t1.getState()); System.out.println( "done." ); //output t0 acquire lock success t0 state: TIMED_WAITING t1 state: BLOCKED done. t1 acquire lock success |
WAITING
等待中的線程狀態,下面幾個方法的調用會導致線程進入 WAITING 狀態:
- Object.wait()
- Thread.join()
- LockSupport.park()
WAITING 狀態中的線程在等待其他線程執行某些操作,比如在某個對象上調用 Object.wait() 的線程正在等待另一個線程在該對象上調用 Object.notify() 或 Object.notifyAll()。為 Thread.join() 的線程正在等待指定的線程停止。
下面這段代碼中,t0 在通過 synchronized 獲取了 lock 對象的鎖之后,進行了 wait 操作,導致 t0 進入 WAITING 狀態:
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Object lock = new Object(); Thread t0 = new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { synchronized (lock){ System.out.println( "t0 acquire lock success" ); try { lock.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }); t0.start(); Thread.sleep( 100 ); System.out.println( "t0 state: " +t0.getState()); System.out.println( "done." ); //output t0 acquire lock success t0 state: WAITING done. |
區別
JAVA 中除了 synchronized Block/Method 的鎖,還提供了 JUC 下的鎖實現, juc.lock 下的鎖功能更強大。比如支持中斷,支持重入/非重入,公平/非公平等;但是 juc 下的鎖和 synchronized 的實現可是不太一樣的
比如下面這段代碼,同樣是等待鎖,可是和synchronized等待鎖的狀態還不一樣:
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ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock(); Thread t0 = new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { reentrantLock.lock(); System.out.println( "t0 acquire lock success" ); try { Thread.sleep( 10000 ); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); t0.start(); Thread.sleep( 100 ); Thread t1 = new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { reentrantLock.lock(); System.out.println( "t1 acquire lock success" ); } }); t1.start(); Thread.sleep( 100 ); System.out.println( "t0 state: " +t0.getState()); System.out.println( "t1 state: " +t1.getState()); System.out.println( "done." ); //output t0 acquire lock success t0 state: TIMED_WAITING t1 state: WAITING done. |
同樣是加鎖,在 JUC 的鎖實現下線程狀態不太一樣,所以在觀察線程狀態時,不止是 BLOCKED 的狀態才是等待鎖, WAITING/TIMEWAITING 的狀態仍然可能是等待鎖的狀態
不過 JUC 下的鎖實現,讓線程暫停/等待的核心方法還是 LockSupport.park , jstack 對于 PARKING 形式的 WAITING 會有標注,所以在線程 stack 時還是能一眼看出來的:
//這里顯示了等待類型
"Thread-0" #11 prio=5 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f9308110000 nid=0x5c03 waiting on condition [0x0000700007fc3000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)//這里雖然是WAITING,但還是標注了是parking類型的
at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
而 synchronized 形式的鎖在 jstack 下的輸出會有所區別:
//這里顯示了等待類型為monitor
"Thread-1" #12 prio=5 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f833d919800 nid=0x5a03 waiting for monitor entry [0x00007000035af000]
java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)//這里是BLOCKED狀態,同時顯示了monitor的歸屬
所以在觀察線程狀態時,需要注意Object.wait()這種WAITING和juc下鎖導致的WAITING的區別
RUNNABLE 真的是 RUNNABLE 嗎?
下面是一段 jstack 輸出的例子,該線程現在正在執行 socketRead0 方法(Native),并且是 RUNNABLE 狀態
"RMI TCP Connection(2)-192.xxx.xx.xx" daemon prio=6 tid=0x000000000a3e8800 nid=0x158e50 runnable [0x000000000adbe000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
at java.io.BufferedInputStream.fill(Unknown Source)
at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
- locked (0x00000007ad784010) (a java.io.BufferedInputStream)
at java.io.FilterInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(Unknown Source)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(Unknown Source)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
但其實這里的 RUNNABLE 只是 JAVA 層面的線程狀態,在操作系統或進程角度來看,該線程還是 WAITING 的狀態; SocketInputStream 是一個 BIO 的實現,當沒有收到數據(或者說沒有準備好可讀的數據)時會發生阻塞,可這個阻塞在JAVA線程狀態里是 RUNNABLE 的狀態,不過他并不會占用用戶態的 CPU 時間片,內核在接受到數據后會結束這個阻塞
參考
https://blog.fastthread.io/2018/09/02/threads-stuck-in-java-net-socketinputstream-socketread0/
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原文鏈接:https://juejin.cn/post/6951187747189194782