本文主要總結線程共享數據的相關知識,主要包括兩方面:一是某個線程內如何共享數據,保證各個線程的數據不交叉;一是多個線程間如何共享數據,保證數據的一致性。
線程范圍內共享數據
自己實現的話,是定義一個Map,線程為鍵,數據為值,表中的每一項即是為每個線程準備的數據,這樣在一個線程中數據是一致的。
例子
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package com.iot.thread; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Random; /** * Created by brian on 2016/2/4. */ public class ThreadScopeShareData { //準備一個哈希表,為每個線程準備數據 private static Map<Thread,Integer> threadData = new HashMap<>(); public static void main(String[] args) { for ( int i= 0 ;i< 2 ;i++){ new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { int data = new Random().nextint(); threadData.put(Thread.currentThread(),data); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+ " put data:" +data); new A().get(); new B().get(); } } ).start(); } } static class A{ public void get(){ int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread()); System.out.println( "A from " +Thread.currentThread()+ " get data " +data); } } static class B{ public void get(){ int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread()); System.out.println( "B from " +Thread.currentThread()+ " get data " +data); } } } |
上述代碼偶爾會報異常:
Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.iot.thread.ThreadScopeShareData$A.get(ThreadScopeShareData.java:29)
at com.iot.thread.ThreadScopeShareData$1.run(ThreadScopeShareData.java:21)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
具體原因還不知道
ThreadLocal類
API:
java.lang:Class ThreadLocal<T>
- 單變量
使用ThreadLocal類型的對象代替上面的Map即可
- 多變量
定義一個對象來封裝多個變量,然后在ThreadLocal中存儲整個對象
多變量時,最好將ThreadLocal類放在數據類的內部,數據類采用單例模式,這樣,新建對象和獲取對象都會更方便,同時封裝性更強。
示例代碼:
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package com.iot.thread; import java.util.Random; /** * Created by brian on 2016/2/4. */ public class ThreadLocalTest { private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadInger = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static void main(String[] args) { for ( int i= 0 ;i< 2 ;i++){ new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { int data = new Random().nextint( 100 ); threadInger.set(data); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+ " put data:" +data); MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setName(Thread.currentThread().toString()); MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data% 10 ); new A().get(); new B().get(); } } ).start(); } } static class A{ public void get(){ int data = threadInger.get(); System.out.println( "A from " +Thread.currentThread()+ " get data " +data); MyThreadScopeData myThreadScopeData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance(); System.out.println( "A from " +myThreadScopeData); } } static class B{ public void get(){ int data = threadInger.get(); System.out.println( "B from " +Thread.currentThread()+ " get data " +data); MyThreadScopeData myThreadScopeData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance(); System.out.println( "B from " +myThreadScopeData); } } } /** * 將多變量封裝起來的數據類 * 單例模式,內置ThreadLocal類型變量 */ class MyThreadScopeData{ private MyThreadScopeData(){ } private static ThreadLocal<MyThreadScopeData> data = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static MyThreadScopeData getThreadInstance(){ MyThreadScopeData instance = data.get(); if (instance == null ){ instance = new MyThreadScopeData(); data.set(instance); } return instance; } private String name; private int age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge( int age) { this .age = age; } @Override public String toString() { String reVal = super .toString()+ "-{name,age}" + ":{" +getName()+ "," +getAge()+ "}" ; return reVal; } } |
多線程訪問共享數據
幾種方式
- 線程執行代碼相同,使用同一Runnable對象,Runnable對象中有共享數據
- 線程執行代碼不同,將共享數據封裝在另一對象中(操作數據的方法也在該對象完成),將這個對象逐一傳遞給各個Runnable對象。[本質:共享數據的對象作為參數傳入Runnable對象]
- 線程執行代碼不同,將Runnable對象作為某一個類的內部類,共享數據作為這個外部類的成員變量(操作數據的方法放在外部類)。[本質:不同內部類共享外部類數據]
- 結合上兩種方式,將共享數據封裝在另一對象中(操作數據的方法也在該對象完成),該對象作為這個外部類的成員變量,將Runnable對象作為內部類
最后一種方式的示例:
設計5個線程,其中三個線程每次對j增加1,另外兩個線程對j每次減少1
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package com.iot.thread; /** * Created by brian on 2016/2/4. */ public class MutiThreadShareData { private static MutiShareData mutiShareData = new MutiShareData(); public static void main(String[] args) { for ( int i= 0 ;i< 3 ;i++){ new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+ ":{j from " + mutiShareData.getJ()+ " + to: " +mutiShareData.increment()+ "}" ); } } ).start(); } for ( int i= 0 ;i< 2 ;i++){ new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+ ":{j from " + mutiShareData.getJ()+ " - to: " +mutiShareData.decrement()+ "}" ); } } ).start(); } } } /** * 將共享數據封裝在另一對象中(操作數據的方法也在該對象完成) */ class MutiShareData{ private int j = 0 ; public synchronized int increment(){ return ++j; } public synchronized int decrement(){ return --j; } public synchronized int getJ() { return j; } public synchronized void setJ( int j) { this .j = j; } } |
總結
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原文鏈接:http://blog.csdn.net/h3243212/article/details/50659415