spring cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用spring boot的開發(fā)便利性巧妙地簡化了分布式系統(tǒng)基礎設施的開發(fā)，如服務發(fā)現(xiàn)注冊、配置中心、消息總線、負載均衡、斷路器、數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控等，都可以用spring boot的開發(fā)風格做到一鍵啟動和部署。spring并沒有重復制造輪子，它只是將目前各家公司開發(fā)的比較成熟、經得起實際考驗的服務框架組合起來，通過spring boot風格進行再封裝屏蔽掉了復雜的配置和實現(xiàn)原理，最終給開發(fā)者留出了一套簡單易懂、易部署和易維護的分布式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具包。
接下來我們就使用springcloud實現(xiàn)一套簡單的微服務架構。
以下所有代碼都已開源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice
eureka(服務注冊與發(fā)現(xiàn))
首先引入相關的依賴包
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
配置application.yml
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server: port: 8761eureka: instance: hostname: localhost client: registerwitheureka: false fetchregistry: false serviceurl: defaultzone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ |
創(chuàng)建啟動類application
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@enableeurekaserver@springbootapplicationpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(application.class, args); }} |
運行main方法，瀏覽器訪問：http://localhost:8761，我們就能在瀏覽器看到如下界面：
說明eureka啟動成功。
接下來，我們實現(xiàn)負債均衡、斷路器、網關、客戶端，所有的服務都應該注冊到eureka中，并且訪問eureka就能看到所有注冊的服務
client(客戶端)
pom.xml
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
application.yml
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eureka: client: serviceurl: defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #這里注冊到eureka中server: port: 8763spring: application: name: service-hi |
application類
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@springbootapplication@enableeurekaclient@restcontrollerpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(applicatioin.class, args); } @value("${server.port}") string port; //這里我們提供一個接口 @requestmapping("/hi") public string home(@requestparam string name) { return "hi "+name+",i am from port:" +port; }} |
feign(負債均衡、斷路器)
pom.xml
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> |
application.yml
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eureka: client: serviceurl: defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/server: port: 8765spring: application: name: service-feignfeign: hystrix: enabled: true |
application類
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@springbootapplication@enablediscoveryclient@enablefeignclients@enablehystrixdashboardpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(application.class, args); }} |
然后再提供一個service，他的作用就是做負債均衡和斷路器功能
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@feignclient(value = "service-hi",fallback = schedualservicehihystric.class)public interface schedualservicehi { @requestmapping(value = "/hi",method = requestmethod.get) string sayhifromclientone(@requestparam(value = "name") string name);} |
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@componentpublic class schedualservicehihystric implements schedualservicehi { @override public string sayhifromclientone(string name) { return "sorry "+name; }} |
feignclient我們指定之前創(chuàng)建client時指定的name:service-hi,fallback指定服務不可用時的返回數(shù)據(jù)，這樣我們啟動多個client時就可以看到http請求時會交替訪問不同的feign端口，當停掉clien時再訪問接口會返回錯誤信息。
zuul(服務網關)
在一般情況下，我們不會直接暴露客戶端給外部，而是通過服務網關來轉發(fā)，內部服務都是在局域網內通信，外部訪問不了，通過服務網關，我們還可以統(tǒng)一做接口的安全性校驗，統(tǒng)一攔截，請看代碼：
pom.xml
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<parent> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid> <version>1.5.9.release</version> <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactid> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencymanagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid> <version>dalston.rc1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencymanagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>spring milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> |
application.yml
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eureka: client: serviceurl: defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/server: port: 8080spring: application: name: service-zuulzuul: routes: api-b: path: /api/** serviceid: service-feign #凡是以api開始的請求都訪問service-feign服務 |
application類
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@enablezuulproxy@enableeurekaclient@springbootapplicationpublic class application { public static void main(string[] args) { springapplication.run(application.class, args); }} |
啟動application，訪問：http://localhost:8080/api/hi，就能訪問到之前我們定義的接口，接下來我們做接口的攔截：
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/** * filtertype：返回一個字符串代表過濾器的類型，在zuul中定義了四種不同生命周期的過濾器類型，具體如下： pre：路由之前 routing：路由之時 post： 路由之后 error：發(fā)送錯誤調用 filterorder：過濾的順序 shouldfilter：這里可以寫邏輯判斷，是否要過濾，本文true,永遠過濾。 run：過濾器的具體邏輯。可用很復雜，包括查sql，nosql去判斷該請求到底有沒有權限訪問。 */@componentpublic class myfilter extends zuulfilter{ private static logger log = loggerfactory.getlogger(myfilter.class); @override public string filtertype() { return "pre"; } @override public int filterorder() { return 0; } @override public boolean shouldfilter() { return true; } @override public object run() { requestcontext ctx = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext(); httpservletrequest request = ctx.getrequest(); log.info(string.format("%s >>> %s", request.getmethod(), request.getrequesturl().tostring())); object accesstoken = request.getparameter("token"); if(accesstoken == null) { log.warn("token is empty"); ctx.setsendzuulresponse(false); ctx.setresponsestatuscode(401); try { ctx.getresponse().getwriter().write("token is empty"); }catch (exception e){} return null; } log.info("ok"); return null; }} |
這樣我們在調用接口前會先執(zhí)行myfilter類中的run方法，在這個方法里可以做一系列安全驗證，比如token。
好了，一個簡單的微服務架構就已經搭建完成了。
以上所有代碼都已開源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的springcloud實現(xiàn)簡單的微服務架構，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復
原文鏈接：http://blog.csdn.net/lynnlovemin/article/details/79019680
