本文實(shí)例講述了Hibernate JDBC實(shí)現(xiàn)批量插入、更新及刪除的方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：
一、批量插入(兩種方式)
1. 通過(guò)Hibernate緩存
如果這樣寫(xiě)代碼進(jìn)行批量插入(初始設(shè)想)：
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package com.anlw.util;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import com.anlw.entity.Student;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Student s = new Student(); s.setAge(i + 1); s.setName("test"); sess.save(s); } tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
如果數(shù)據(jù)量太大，會(huì)有可能出現(xiàn)內(nèi)存溢出的異常；
小知識(shí)：
(1).Hibernate一級(jí)緩存，對(duì)其容量沒(méi)有限制，強(qiáng)制使用，由于所有的對(duì)象都被保存到這個(gè)緩存中，內(nèi)存總會(huì)達(dá)到一定數(shù)目時(shí)出現(xiàn)內(nèi)存溢出的情況；
(2).Hibernate二級(jí)緩存可以進(jìn)行大小配置；
要解決內(nèi)存溢出的問(wèn)題，就應(yīng)該定時(shí)的將Sessiion緩存中的數(shù)據(jù)刷到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，正確的批量插入方式：
(1).設(shè)置批量尺寸(博主至今還沒(méi)有明白下面這個(gè)屬性和flush()方法的區(qū)別)
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<property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">2</property> |
配置這個(gè)參數(shù)的原因就是盡量少讀數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，該參數(shù)值越大，讀數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的次數(shù)越少，速度越快；上面這個(gè)配置，是Hibernate是等到程序積累了100個(gè)sql之后在批量提交；
(2).關(guān)閉二級(jí)緩存(這個(gè)博主也不是很明白)
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<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">false</property> |
除了Session級(jí)別的一級(jí)緩存，Hibernate還有一個(gè)SessionFactory級(jí)別的二級(jí)緩存，如果啟用了二級(jí)緩存，從機(jī)制上來(lái)說(shuō)，Hibernate為了維護(hù)二級(jí)緩存，在批量插入時(shí)，hibernate會(huì)將對(duì)象納入二級(jí)緩存，性能上就會(huì)有很大損失，也可能引發(fā)異常，因此最好關(guān)閉SessionFactory級(jí)別的二級(jí)緩存；
(3).在一二設(shè)置完成的基礎(chǔ)上，清空Session級(jí)別的一級(jí)緩存；
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package com.anlw.util;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import com.anlw.entity.Student;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Student s = new Student(); s.setAge(i + 1); s.setName("test"); sess.save(s); if(i%100 == 0){ //以每100個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)作為一個(gè)處理單元 sess.flush(); //保持與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù)的同步 sess.clear(); //清楚Session級(jí)別的一級(jí)緩存的全部數(shù)據(jù)，及時(shí)釋放占用的內(nèi)存 } } tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
2. 繞過(guò)Hibernate，直接調(diào)用JDBC API
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package com.anlw.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.SQLException;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); //執(zhí)行Work對(duì)象指定的操作，即調(diào)用Work對(duì)象的execute()方法 //Session會(huì)把當(dāng)前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接傳給execute()方法 sess.doWork(new Work() { @Override public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {//需要注意的是，不需要調(diào)用close()方法關(guān)閉這個(gè)連接 //通過(guò)JDBC API執(zhí)行用于批量插入的sql語(yǔ)句 String sql = "insert into student(name,age) values(?,?)"; PreparedStatement ps = arg0.prepareStatement(sql); for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ ps.setString(1, "kobe"); ps.setInt(2,12); ps.addBatch(); } ps.executeBatch(); } }); tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
注意：通過(guò)JDBC API中的PreparedStatement接口來(lái)執(zhí)行sql語(yǔ)句，sql語(yǔ)句涉及到的數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)被加載到Session的緩存中，因此不會(huì)占用內(nèi)存空間，因此直接調(diào)用JDBC API批量化插入的效率要高于Hibernate緩存的批量插入；
更新&&刪除
語(yǔ)法格式：（HQL）
update | delete from? <ClassName> [where where_conditions]
1>在from子句中，from關(guān)鍵字是可選的，即完全可以不寫(xiě)from關(guān)鍵字
2>在from子句中，只能有一個(gè)類(lèi)名，可以在該類(lèi)名后指定別名
3>不能在批量HQL語(yǔ)句中使用連接，顯示或者隱式的都不行，但可以在where子句中使用子查詢(xún)
4>整個(gè)where子句是可選的，where子句的語(yǔ)法sql語(yǔ)句中where子句的語(yǔ)法完全相同
5>Query.executeUpdate()方法返回一個(gè)整型值，該值是受此操作影響的記錄數(shù)量，由于hibernate的底層操作實(shí)際上是由JDBC完成的，因此，如果有批量update或delete操作被轉(zhuǎn)換成多條update或delete語(yǔ)句，(關(guān)聯(lián)或者繼承映射)，該方法只能返回最后一條sql語(yǔ)句影響的記錄行數(shù)，不是所有的記錄行數(shù)，需要注意；
二、批量更新(兩種方式)
1. 使用Hibernate直接進(jìn)行批量更新
(1)方式1：(Hibernate的HQL直接支持update/delete的批量更新語(yǔ)法)
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package com.anlw.util;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); //在HQL查詢(xún)中使用update進(jìn)行批量更新，下面的的語(yǔ)句是HQL語(yǔ)句，不是sql語(yǔ)句 Query query = sess.createQuery("update Student set name = 'www'"); query.executeUpdate(); tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
(2)方式2：(強(qiáng)烈不推薦)
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package com.anlw.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;import org.hibernate.CacheMode;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.ScrollMode;import org.hibernate.ScrollableResults;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import com.anlw.entity.Student;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); //查詢(xún)表中的所有數(shù)據(jù) ScrollableResults student = sess.createQuery("from Student") .setCacheMode(CacheMode.IGNORE) .scroll(ScrollMode.FORWARD_ONLY); int count = 0; while(student.next()){ Student s = (Student)student.get(0); s.setName("haha"); if(++count%3 == 0){ sess.flush(); sess.clear(); } } tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
通過(guò)這種方式，雖然可以執(zhí)行批量更新，但效果非常不好，執(zhí)行效率不高，需要先執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)查詢(xún)，然后再執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)更新，而且這種更新將是逐行更新，即每更新一行記錄，都要執(zhí)行一條update語(yǔ)句，性能非常低；
2. 繞過(guò)Hibernate，調(diào)用JDBC API
(1)方式1：
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package com.anlw.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); //執(zhí)行Work對(duì)象指定的操作，即調(diào)用Work對(duì)象的execute()方法 //Session會(huì)把當(dāng)前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接傳給execute()方法 sess.doWork(new Work() { @Override public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {//需要注意的是，不需要調(diào)用close()方法關(guān)閉這個(gè)連接 String sql = "update student set name = 'oracle'"; //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Satement對(duì)象 Statement st = arg0.createStatement(); //調(diào)用JDBC的update進(jìn)行批量更新 st.executeUpdate(sql); } }); tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
(2)方式2：
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package com.anlw.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); //執(zhí)行Work對(duì)象指定的操作，即調(diào)用Work對(duì)象的execute()方法 //Session會(huì)把當(dāng)前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接傳給execute()方法 sess.doWork(new Work() { @Override public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {//需要注意的是，不需要調(diào)用close()方法關(guān)閉這個(gè)連接 String sql = "update student set name = ? where name=?"; PreparedStatement ps = arg0.prepareStatement(sql); for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ ps.setString(1,"tom"); ps.setString(2, "oracle"); ps.addBatch(); } ps.executeBatch(); } }); tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
三、批量刪除(兩種方式)
1. 使用Hibernate直接進(jìn)行批量刪除
(1)方式1：(Hibernate的HQL直接支持update/delete的批量更新語(yǔ)法)
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package com.anlw.util;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); //在HQL查詢(xún)中使用delete進(jìn)行批量刪除，下面的的語(yǔ)句是HQL語(yǔ)句，不是sql Query query = sess.createQuery("delete Student");//也可以是delete from，from關(guān)鍵字是可選的，可以不要，加條件的時(shí)候可以指定類(lèi)的別名 query.executeUpdate(); tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
(2)方式2：(強(qiáng)烈不推薦)
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package com.anlw.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;import org.hibernate.CacheMode;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.ScrollMode;import org.hibernate.ScrollableResults;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import com.anlw.entity.Student;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); //查詢(xún)表中的所有數(shù)據(jù) ScrollableResults student = sess.createQuery("from Student") .setCacheMode(CacheMode.IGNORE) .scroll(ScrollMode.FORWARD_ONLY); int count = 0; while(student.next()){ Student s = (Student)student.get(0); sess.delete(s); } tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
通過(guò)這種方式，雖然可以執(zhí)行批量刪除，但效果非常不好，執(zhí)行效率不高，需要先執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)查詢(xún)，然后再執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)刪除，而且這種刪除將是逐行刪除，即每刪除一行記錄，都要執(zhí)行一條delete語(yǔ)句，性能非常低；
2. 繞過(guò)Hibernate，調(diào)用JDBC API
(1)方式1：
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package com.anlw.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import com.anlw.entity.Student;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); sess.doWork(new Work() { @Override public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException { String sql = "delete from student where age > 5"; //mysql中刪除語(yǔ)句不能省略from Statement st = arg0.createStatement(); st.executeUpdate(sql); } }); tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
2)方式2：
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package com.anlw.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import com.anlw.entity.Student;public class SessionUtil { Configuration conf = null; ServiceRegistry st = null; SessionFactory sf = null; Session sess = null; Transaction tx = null; public void HIbernateTest() { conf = new Configuration().configure(); st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build(); sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st); try { sess = sf.openSession(); tx = sess.beginTransaction(); sess.doWork(new Work() { @Override public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException { String sql = "delete from student where age = ?"; //mysql中刪除語(yǔ)句不能省略from PreparedStatement ps = arg0.prepareStatement(sql); for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ if(i%2 == 0){ ps.setInt(1, i); ps.addBatch(); } ps.executeBatch(); } } }); tx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { if (tx != null) { tx.rollback(); } } finally { sess.close(); sf.close(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest(); }} |
希望本文所述對(duì)大家基于Hibernate的java程序設(shè)計(jì)有所幫助。
原文鏈接：http://blog.csdn.net/an_2016/article/details/51759890
