本文實例講述了Java中的攔截器、過濾器、監聽器用法。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
一、攔截器 :是在面向切面編程的就是在你的service或者一個方法,前調用一個方法,或者在方法后調用一個方法比如動態代理就是攔截器的簡單實現,在你調用方 法前打印出字符串(或者做其它業務邏輯的操作),也可以在你調用方法后打印出字符串,甚至在你拋出異常的時候做業務邏輯的操作。
1.Struts2攔截器是在訪問某個Action或Action的某個方法,字段之前或之后實施攔截,并且Struts2攔截器是可插拔的,攔截器是AOP的一種實現。
2.攔截器棧(Interceptor Stack)Struts2攔截器棧就是將攔截器按一定的順序聯結成一條鏈。在訪問被攔截的方法或字段時,Struts2攔截器鏈中的攔截器就會按其之前定義的順序被調用。
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package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor; public class MyInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = -6410044851077844880L; /** * 在struts.xml <param name="lzw">struts</param> */ private String lzw; public String getLzw() { return lzw; } public void setLzw(String lzw) { this .lzw = lzw; } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println( "destroy!" ); } @Override public void init() { System.out.println( "init!" ); } @Override protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { System.out.println( "MyInterceptor-start" ); System.out.println(lzw); String result = invocation.invoke(); System.out.println( "MyInterceptor-end" ); return result; } } |
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package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor; public class FirstInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { System.out.println( "FirstInterceptor-Start" ); String result = invocation.invoke(); System.out.println( "FirstInterceptor-End" ); return result; } } |
struts.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> < struts > <!--開發模式開關,本地可以設為true幫助調試問題,部署到服務器上設為false--> < constant name = "struts.devMode" value = "false" /> <!--務必配上該屬性,否則會導致AOP注入異常--> < constant name = "struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect" value = "true" /> < constant name = "struts.i18n.encoding" value = "UTF-8" /> < constant name = "struts.multipart.maxSize" value = "1000000000" /> < package name = "strutsLzw" extends = "struts-default" namespace = "/" > < interceptors > < interceptor name = "lzwInterceptorA" class = "com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" > < param name = "lzw" >struts</ param > </ interceptor > < interceptor name = "lzwInterceptorB" class = "com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.FirstInterceptor" > </ interceptor > <!-- 定義自己的攔截器棧 --> < interceptor-stack name = "myStack" > < interceptor-ref name = "lzwInterceptorA" ></ interceptor-ref > < interceptor-ref name = "lzwInterceptorB" ></ interceptor-ref > < interceptor-ref name = "defaultStack" ></ interceptor-ref > </ interceptor-stack > </ interceptors > <!-- 全局的每個action都會攔截 --> < default-interceptor-ref name = "myStack" ></ default-interceptor-ref > <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 執行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否則執行execute方法 --> < action name = "login" class = "com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method = "lzwTest" > < result name = "success" >/result.jsp</ result > < result name = "failer" >/error.jsp</ result > < result name = "input" >/error.jsp</ result > </ action > </ package > </ struts > |
或者:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> < struts > < package name = "strutsLzw" extends = "struts-default" > < interceptors > < interceptor name = "lzwInterceptor" class = "com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" > < param name = "lzw" >struts</ param > </ interceptor > </ interceptors > <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 執行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否則執行execute方法 --> < action name = "login" class = "com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method = "lzwTest" > < result name = "success" >/result.jsp</ result > < result name = "failer" >/error.jsp</ result > < result name = "input" >/error.jsp</ result > < interceptor-ref name = "lzwInterceptor" ></ interceptor-ref > <!--增加defaultStack 否則 驗證攔截器不執行,也就是 validate 方法不執行--> < interceptor-ref name = "defaultStack" ></ interceptor-ref > </ action > </ package > </ struts > |
web.xml中加入:
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< filter > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > <!-- 已經過時了<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> --> < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</ filter-class > < init-param > < param-name >actionPackages</ param-name > < param-value >com.lzw.struts.action</ param-value > </ init-param > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >struts2</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > |
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package com.lzw.struts.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String username; private String password; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this .username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this .password = password; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println( "=====execute=====" ); if ( "hello" .equals( this .getUsername().trim()) && "world" .equals( this .getPassword().trim())) { return "success" ; } else { this .addFieldError( "username" , "username or password error" ); return "failer" ; } } @Override public void validate() { System.out.println( "=====validate=====" ); if ( null == this .getUsername() || "" .equals( this .getUsername().trim())) { this .addFieldError( "username" , "username required" ); } if ( null == this .getPassword() || "" .equals( this .getPassword().trim())) { this .addFieldError( "password" , "password required" ); } } public String lzwTest() { System.out.println( "======Test====" ); return SUCCESS; } } |
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<%@ page language= "java" import = "java.util.*" pageEncoding= "ISO-8859-1" %> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+ "://" +request.getServerName()+ ":" +request.getServerPort()+path+ "/" ; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > <html> <head> <base href= "<%=basePath%>" rel= "external nofollow" > <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv= "pragma" content= "no-cache" > <meta http-equiv= "cache-control" content= "no-cache" > <meta http-equiv= "expires" content= "0" > <meta http-equiv= "keywords" content= "keyword1,keyword2,keyword3" > <meta http-equiv= "description" content= "This is my page" > <!-- <link rel= "stylesheet" type= "text/css" href= "styles.css" rel= "external nofollow" > --> </head> <body> <form action= "login.action" method= "post" > username:<input type= "text" name= "username" ><br> password:<input type= "password" name= "password" ><br> <input type= "submit" value= "submit" > </form> </body> </html> |
控制臺結果:
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init! 2013 - 10 - 31 13 : 51 : 15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "http-apr-8080" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 13 : 51 : 15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "ajp-apr-8009" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 13 : 51 : 15 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 信息: Server startup in 1699 ms MyInterceptor-start struts FirstInterceptor-Start =====validate===== ======Test==== FirstInterceptor-End MyInterceptor-end |
二、過濾器:是在java web中,你傳入的request,response提前過濾掉一些信息,或者提前設置一些參數,然后再傳入servlet或者struts的 action進行業務邏輯,比如過濾掉非法url(不是login.do的地址請求,如果用戶沒有登陸都過濾掉),或者在傳入servlet或者struts的action前統一設置字符集,或者去除掉一些非法字符。主要為了減輕服務器負載,減少壓力
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package com.lzw.filter.demo; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class UserAccessFilter implements Filter{ @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println( "destroy!" ); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res; HttpSession session = request.getSession(); if (session.getAttribute( "user" )== null && request.getRequestURI().indexOf( "login.jsp" )==- 1 ){ response.sendRedirect( "login.jsp" ); return ; } chain.doFilter(req, res); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException { //ApplicationFilterConfig[name=UserFilter, filterClass=com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter] System.out.println(config.toString()); } } |
web.xml 中加入:
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< filter > < filter-name >UserFilter</ filter-name > < filter-class >com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter</ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >UserFilter</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/jsp/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > |
1、攔截器是基于java的反射機制的,而過濾器是基于函數回調
2、過濾器依賴與servlet容器,而攔截器不依賴與servlet容器
3、攔截器只能對action請求起作用,而過濾器則可以對幾乎所有的請求起作用
4、攔截器可以訪問action上下文、值棧里的對象,而過濾器不能
5、在action的生命周期中,攔截器可以多次被調用,而過濾器只能在容器初始化時被調用一次
在action的生命周期中,攔截器可以多次被調用,而過濾器只能在容器初始化時被調用一次
執行順序 :過濾前 - 攔截前 - Action處理 - 攔截后 - 過濾后。
個人認為過濾是一個橫向的過程,首先把客戶端提交的內容進行過濾(例如未登錄用戶不能訪問內部頁面的處理);
過濾通過后,攔截器將檢查用戶提交數據的驗證,做一些前期的數據處理,接著把處理后的數據發給對應的Action;
Action處理完成返回后,攔截器還可以做其他過程,再向上返回到過濾器的后續操作。
三、監聽器:Servlet的監聽器Listener,它是實現了javax.servlet.ServletContextListener接口的服務器端程序,它也是隨web應用的啟動而啟動,只初始化一次,隨web應用的停止而銷毀。
主要作用是:做一些初始化的內容添加工作、設置一些基本的內容、比如一些參數或者是一些固定的對象等等。
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package com.lzw.filter.demo; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; public class InitDataListener implements ServletContextListener { private static ServletContext servletContext; public static ServletContext getServletContext() { return servletContext; } @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent contextEvent) { servletContext = contextEvent.getServletContext(); //final ApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext); System.out.println( "服務器啟動完畢!" ); System.out.println(servletContext); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {} } |
web.xml
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <web-app xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id= "WebApp_ID" version= "3.0" > <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file> default .html</welcome-file> <welcome-file> default .htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file> default .jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <listener> <listener- class >com.lzw.filter.demo.InitDataListener</listener- class > </listener> </web-app> |
控制臺結果:
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信息: Starting service Catalina 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal 信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/ 7.0 . 42 服務器啟動完畢! org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade @7966340c 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "http-apr-8080" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler [ "ajp-apr-8009" ] 2013 - 10 - 31 15 : 13 : 56 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 信息: Server startup in 402 ms |
希望本文所述對大家java程序設計有所幫助。